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| Basic
Study of Hindu Religion |
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Hindu Heritage
Study Program |
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Hindu
Philosphy, Practice and Beliefs | |
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| 3.:
The Dharma Sasthras,
Rituals, Beliefs and Culture | |
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| 3.:
The Dharma Sasthras,
Rituals, Beliefs and Culture | |
The
Ancient Scriptures of the Hindu faith has been followed closely by the community
as a way of life, even though it allowed questioning and analysis with reasoning.
The Vedas gave the philosophy, the rituals and the Manthras to God in a
Formless State through Knowledge. However, most people understood less and less
of the teachings as years passed by, as these teachings were kept as "Sacred"
and secret by few knowledgeable families. They were understood by a small fragment
of the community who were the priests and others started to follow it blindly
without studying them. Often they thought that mere recitation will give them
Divine Powers. The Agamas established the rules for construction of Temples
and worship of God in various forms of Deities. The Dharma Sasthras established
the rules of conduct for daily living and for regular prayer rituals. The Dharsanas
explained the Philosophy of the Vedas. The Ithihasas and Puranas told
the stories of Divine Incarnations as examples of the Spiritual message. In the
medieval period many leaders gave us these teachings as simple theories of Spiritual
Discipline for daily practice.
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The
Vedantha Philosophy and Dharma Sasthra of Sage Vyasa and explanations by Acharyas
are the basis of Our Faith and Practice. Sri Sankara gave us the Advaitha theory
of "Unity of the Human and Divine Soul" and the Path of Knowledge [Jnana Yoga].
At the same time, he also gave us the rules of worship of God in six forms as
in Agamas for daily practice. Sri Ramanuja gave us a theory that separates the
Divine Soul to be reached by prayers through the Path of Devotion [Bhakthi Yoga].
Many other theories were given by other Acharyas. We also had a Path of pious
living Meditation and concentration [Raja Yoga] with the standards for the Hindu
ethics and the Spiritual Discipline. The Path of Action [Karma Yoga] was given
as the first and early step of the Spiritual Discipline for the uninitiated. They
taught us the rules of doing the duties without greed, lust or attachment to the
fruits of our action. These four paths of spiritual disciplines and the rituals
and prayers as in Vedas and Agamas were the basis of the practice of culture by
the Hindu community as a way of life.
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The
highly educated religious Yogis and Gnaanis could follow the path of knowledge
and observe the way of life as in the Scriptures with meditation and prayers to
the Absolute -the One Supreme Reality- Formless God, in what is known as Nirguna-upasana.
The common people could not comprehend all the teachings of the Vedic philosophy.
They followed the rituals, recitations of Vedas and the path of Devotion. They
performed the prayers and sang songs to the manifestations of God in various forms,
called the Saguna-upasana, and followed the Agamas and Puranas with Vedic
rituals to fire and water. In the later age, the concept of devotion developed
with various levels of intense Bhakthi to God in many forms. Many rituals evolved
over the years for daily activities and family events like birth, marriage and
death. These changed from time to time with the arrival of alien cultures. Many
changes occurred in the way of life in large section of the population with the
pressure of material benefits, greed, lust and ignorance along with alien culture
and education. Religious study got the least preference as it was least understood
and least beneficial.
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