The Modern Age from 1750 AD.: The modern period constitutes from the period of the formation of British Raj all over India to India's Independence in 1947 and today. The British came to power with several battles and agreements slowly throwing out the Maratta and Sikh rulers, several hundred small Hindu and Muslim rulers and Moghul kings who were fighting among themselves. This period consists of the age of the reform movements from 1750 to 1885 AD which saw the rise of the Christian Missionaries and social reformers of the Hindu society. Many Hindus were showing interest in education in Western culture and ignored the Hindu values. Almost all Indigenous arts and religious works languished under alien rules of Christians and Muslim rulers, with ignorance of local people and obstruction to the practice of religion by the foreign rulers. This was the stimulus for the reform movements. The great works of classical music by Saints Thyagaraja, Syama Sasthri and Muthuswami Dikshithar were seen at this time.

The age of the Renaissance: This started after 1885 when the Indian National Congress was formed and movement for self rule and Independence started. Many leaders from different regions of India including Mahathma Gandhi, Gokale and Thilak joined hands with political leaders of other religions. This gave rise to secular thoughts and ideals for the future of independant India. Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Vivekananda started the renaissance of Hinduism at this time. Later, in 20th Century, Sri Ramana Maharishi, Tagore, Aurobindo and Radhakrishnan established a new order of Hindu religious thoughts and Philosophy which became known to the Western world. Many of the political leaders were also strong in their Hindu beliefs and were responsible to introduce the reform movements in the thoughts of the common people, though many were trying to support some form of secularism. Chairs of Hindu Philosophy and Sanskrit and other Indian languages were established in many Western Universities. Hindu thoughts and Philosophy gained popularity among the educated people and reached the shores of Western countries through many emigrants, Religious leaders, Gurus and new converts.