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Principles
and Practice of Hindu Religion A
Comprehensive Study of the Ancient Tradition and
the Perennial Philosophy | Chapter
IV : The
Scriptures and The Sacred Works
| An
Analysis of the Texts Available that gives the Divine Message
for
Every One to Study, Understand and Follow as a Way of Life |
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Lesson
- 58 : The Suthras, Smrithis and Dharma Sasthras
Texts
that explain the Science and Philosophy of Vedas |
Srautha
Suthra
explains ritual of Sacrifices. Sulba Suthra gives the measurements necessary for
laying out the area for Yajna. Grihya Suthra deals with domestic life and Dharma
Suthra deals with ethics, customs and laws. The Prathishakhyas, Padapathas, Upalekhas,
Kramapathas, Anukramanis, Daivath sahithas, Parishishtas, Prayogas, Paddhathis,
Karikas, Khilas and Vyuhas are further elaboration in the rituals and Karmas of
Kalpa Suthras and in the usage of the manthras. Among the Kalpa Suthras, Asvalayana,
Sankhyana and Sambhavya belong to Rig-Veda. Katyayana and Paraskara belong to
Sukla Yajur-Veda. Aapasthambha, Hiranyakesi, Bhodhayana, Bharadvaja, Manava, Vaikhanasa
and Kathaka belong to Krishna Yajur-Veda. Mashaka, Latyayana, Drahyayana, Gobhila
and Khadira belong to Saama-Veda. Vaitana and Kaushika belong to Atharva-Veda.
This explains to us the slight variations in several rituals performed by various
Hindu families. Chanting of Vedas, performance of Yagnas and the rules of discipline
are all meant as the preliminaries for the meditation on the true nature of the
Self and the Ultimate Reality.
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The
Secondary canons of Scriptures consist of the Smrithis, which are the ancient
Hindu Law codes given to us by the Rishis, based on the teachings of the Vedas.
They supplement and explain the ritualistic injunctions and develop the Dharma.
They are the Dharma Sasthras that regulate Hindu national, Social, family and
individual obligations and duties. There are Eighteen main Smrithis, the most
important three being Manu, Yajnavaalkya and Parasara. The other Fifteen are Vishnu,
Daksha, Samvartha, Vyasa, Haritha, Sathathapa, Vasishta, Yama, Aapasthamba, Gauthama,
Devala, Sankha-Likhitha, Usana, Athri and Saunaka. The laws of Manu are
for Sathya [Kritha] Yuga; the Smrithis of Yajnavaalkya are for Thretha
Yuga; the codes of Sanakha and Likhitha are for Dwapara Yuga and those
of Parasara are written for Kali Yuga. These Smrithis have varied from time
to time with different Dharma Sasthras written for each time. They are related
to social and emotional surroundings and conditions of the Hindu Society and changes
with the time and place.
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Sanãthana
Dharma ãsthra |
| Lessons:
- 49
, 50 , 51 , 52
, 53 , 54 , 55
, 56 , 57 , 58
, 59 , 60 , 61
, 62 , 63 , 64
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