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| Basic
Study of Hindu Religion Hindu
Heritage Study Program
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Level 2 | | Chapter
-IV.: An Introduction to the Four Yogas
| Brief
Information about the
Practice of Spiritual Disciplines |
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Lesson
: 01 | The
Spiritual Discipline of Dharma Sasthras The
Dharma Sasthras and Religious Ethics | |
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The
Hindu Scriptures gave us the prayers, the rituals, the mythology, the philosophy
and the science to guide our conduct and reasoning. They teach us about every
aspect of our life from birth to the end of our life and beyond. We have a special
duty to learn our religion and its practice in the modern times to keep it growing
for our future generations. If we do not let it grow in these adopted lands for
our Children, after two or three generations the large treasures of our religious
practice will be lost for ever just like the major portions of our scriptures.
Our hearts cry that this great tradition should not disappear from the face of
earth like the many endangered species. Many Acharyas have given us the guidance
and philosophy based on the Vedas and Dharsanas, changing the way we practiced
Hinduism. This was the most important renaissance movement of the religion in
the past 800 years. The most important are the Advaitha by Sri Sankara, Visishtadhvaitha
by Sri Ramanuja, Dhvaitha by Sri Madhva and Saiva Siddhantha schools of Southern
India. | |
We
also have several Bhakthi schools of Baghavathas and Vaishnavas and several other
forms of Suddha Adhvaitha and Dvaitha-adhvaitha and many other systems of Saiva,
Vaishnava and Saktha philosophy and Agamas. Advaitha school and Vedantha Dharsana
along with Vyasa Maharishi's Dharma Sasthra were the foundation of the ritualistic
practice of the Smartha Sampradaya. They followed Vedic rituals and teachings.
They also prayed to various forms of God, including Siva, Vishnu, Sakthi, and
Surya. Saiva Siddhantha followers had ritualistic practice of prayers to Siva
as the creator and protector and followed some teachings of Advaitha and a qualified
form of monism. Sakthism or Devi worshippers were similar to Saivites. Some of
them also followed Thanthra traditions. Vaishnavites follow the Bhakthi schools
of Visishta-adhvaitham and Dvaitham with elaborate prayer rituals. Some of the
Vaishnavites, like followers of Sri Chaithanya, performed prayers and music with
devotion and love for God as Sri Krishna. | |
Lesson
: 02 | The
Principles of the Yogas and its Practice The
Teachings of the Yogas as Spiritual Discipline | |
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The
real meaning of the Religion becomes revealed to one who practices the spiritual
discipline. It can not be reconciled if one emphasizes only the letter of
the scriptures and overlooks the spirit and inner meaning revealed in the books.
One must have the faith in those writings and understand the teachings through
a teacher and then he must analyze and subject it to rigorous reasoning. After
this, having been convinced of the soundness of the doctrine of the scriptures,
one should meditate and experience the teachings in the depths of contemplation.
This is the true spirituality and this is the practice of Yoga, which means the
union of the individual self with the Supreme Self. The Vedas gave different
types of rules available for different kinds of people to follow according each
one's understanding and desire. The yogas are spiritual disciplines for daily
living and practice of religion for a devout Hindu. Yoga is not just repetition
of some unknown words and some exercises.
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The
Vedic teachings, as a guide, gave us four main paths for our living and for practice
of religion. They are the Karma Yoga, Bhakthi Yoga, Raja Yoga and Jnana
Yoga. Of the four yogas, Raja Yoga deals with conditioning, control
and development of the body and mind through self-control, concentration and physical
discipline. They perform special breathing exercises, meditation and physical
exercises. Jnana Yoga or the path of knowledge is the deep study of the
scriptures and philosophy. It is the purest form of spiritual discipline with
the search for the impersonal reality. This is extremely difficult for people
who are still partly materialistic and are constantly attached to their duties
to the world and its being. We see Karma Yoga and Bhakthi Yoga followed
as the two common methods for daily living for all our people here. Thus Hinduism
is not just a Religion, a blind faith or a cold philosophy for intellectuals but
the whole way of life and thinking for every day and for every one to follow in
their daily practice. | |
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